Voice shows whether the subject acts (Active) or is acted upon (Passive).
⭐ 1. Basic Structure
Active Voice = Subject + Verb + Object
Passive Voice = Object + Verb (be + V3) + by + Subject
⭐ 2. Rules for Converting Active → Passive
Rule 1: Object becomes Subject
Active: He writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by him.
Rule 2: Use “be” form + V3
is/am/are
was/were
has/have been
had been
will/shall be
can/may/must be
etc.
Rule 3: Subject becomes Object + “by”
he → him
she → her
they → them
I → me
we → us
you → you
Rule 4: Do not use "by" when unnecessary
✔ The door was opened.
(We don't need to say "by someone")
**Rule 5: No Passive for intransitive verbs
sleep, die, go, come, happen, appear, seem → No passive
⭐ 3. Tense-wise Conversion Chart
A. Present Tenses
1. Simple Present
Active: V1/V5
Passive: is/am/are + V3
Example:
He writes a letter.
→ A letter is written by him.
2. Present Continuous
Active: is/am/are + V-ing
Passive: is/am/are being + V3
She is reading a book.
→ A book is being read by her.
3. Present Perfect
Active: has/have + V3
Passive: has/have been + V3
They have finished the work.
→ The work has been finished by them.
B. Past Tenses
1. Simple Past
Active: V2
Passive: was/were + V3
He wrote a letter.
→ A letter was written by him.
2. Past Continuous
Active: was/were + V-ing
Passive: was/were being + V3
They were watching a movie.
→ A movie was being watched by them.
3. Past Perfect
Active: had + V3
Passive: had been + V3
He had completed the task.
→ The task had been completed.
C. Future Tenses
1. Simple Future
Active: will/shall + V1
Passive: will/shall be + V3
She will help him.
→ He will be helped by her.
2. Future Perfect
Active: will have + V3
Passive: will have been + V3
He will have finished the work.
→ The work will have been finished.
⭐ 4. Modals (can/may/must/should)
Active: Modal + V1
Passive: Modal + be + V3
Example:
You must obey the rules.
→ The rules must be obeyed.
⭐ 5. Imperative Sentences
Case 1: Simple command
Begin with Let + object + be + V3
Open the door.
→ Let the door be opened.
Case 2: Negative command
Do not tell a lie.
→ Let a lie not be told.
Case 3: Request
Use You are requested to…
Please help me.
→ You are requested to help me.
Case 4: Advice
Use You are advised to…
Work hard.
→ You are advised to work hard.
⭐ 6. Interrogative Sentences
Yes/No Questions:
Active: Do/Did/Does + subject + V1
Passive: Is/Are/Was/Were + object + V3
Example:
Did he write a letter?
→ Was a letter written by him?
Wh- Questions:
Keep Wh-word first, then passive form.
Why did he punish you?
→ Why were you punished by him?
⭐ 7. Special Cases
Case 1: Sentences with two objects
Give/pass/send/show/offer → Dual objects
Active: He gave me a book.
Passive:
I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
Both are correct.
Case 2: Gerund (-ing) Passive
I like people helping me.
→ I like being helped.
Case 3: Infinitive Passive
I want to do the work.
→ I want the work to be done.
⭐ 20 MCQs (PYQs + New)
1. Active → Passive:
She sings a song.
a) A song is sung by her
b) A song was sung by her
c) A song has been sung by her
d) A song is being sung by her
Answer: a
2. Choose correct passive:
They are repairing the car.
a) The car is repaired
b) The car is being repaired
c) The car has been repaired
d) The car was repaired
Answer: b
3. Active → Passive:
Who wrote this letter?
a) By whom this letter was written?
b) By whom was this letter written?
c) This letter was written by whom?
d) Whom was this letter written by?
Answer: b
4. The work has been ___ by them.
a) do
b) did
c) been done
d) done
Answer: d
5. They will help you.
a) You are helped
b) You will be helped
c) You were helped
d) You have been helped
Answer: b
6. Did he solve the problem?
a) Was the problem solved by him?
b) Is the problem solved by him?
c) Has the problem been solved by him?
d) Was the problem being solved by him?
Answer: a
7. Who teaches you English?
a) By whom are you taught English?
b) Who are you taught English by?
c) By whom you are taught English?
d) Whom are you taught English by?
Answer: a
8. They had completed the task.
a) The task had completed
b) The task has been completed
c) The task had been completed
d) The task was completed
Answer: c
9. Open the window.
a) Let the window be opened
b) Let the window opened
c) The window is opened
d) Window should open
Answer: a
10. Please help me.
a) You are advised to help me
b) You are requested to help me
c) Let me be helped
d) Help me please
Answer: b
11. Someone stole my purse.
a) My purse was stolen
b) My purse has stolen
c) My purse is stolen
d) My purse stole
Answer: a
12. They are watching the game.
a) The game was watched
b) The game is watched
c) The game is being watched
d) The game has been watched
Answer: c
13. She can solve this problem.
a) This problem is solved
b) This problem can be solved
c) This problem could be solved
d) This problem has been solved
Answer: b
14. They were playing cricket.
a) Cricket is played by them
b) Cricket was being played by them
c) Cricket has been played
d) Cricket is being played
Answer: b
15. Someone is knocking at the door.
a) The door is knocked at
b) The door is being knocked at
c) The door was knocked
d) The door was being knocked
Answer: b
16. She had been writing a letter.
(No Passive possible — why?)
a) Because “write” is irregular
b) Because continuous perfect cannot be changed
c) Because of no object
d) Because passive makes no sense
Answer: c
17. Select correct passive:
They should respect elders.
a) Elders should respected
b) Elders are respected
c) Elders should be respected
d) Elders should be respecting
Answer: c
18. Change into passive:
He gave me a pen.
a) I was given a pen
b) A pen gave to me
c) A pen is given
d) Pen was given me
Answer: a
19. Active → Passive:
Close the door.
a) Let the door be closed
b) The door closed
c) The door is closed
d) Door should close
Answer: a
20. They have seen the movie.
a) The movie has seen
b) The movie was seen
c) The movie has been seen
d) The movie is seeing
Answer: c
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