This section tests all modern approaches recommended by NEP 2020, NCF 2023, NCERT, focusing on real-life learning.

1. Experiential Learning

Learning by doing (कर्म आधारित सीख)
Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle
- Concrete Experience
- Reflective Observation
- Abstract Conceptualization
- Active Experimentation
Types of experiential tasks:
- Role play
- Simulations
- Projects
- Lab activities
- Field visits
- Outdoor learning

2. Activity-Based Learning (ABL)

Hands-on activities
Learning stations
TLM-based activities
Peer activities & collaborative tasks
Small-group teaching
Classroom games for learning
Multisensory approach (VISION–TOUCH–AUDIO)

3. Constructivist Pedagogy

Piaget’s Constructivism
Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism (ZPD, Scaffolding)
Learner-centered pedagogy
Concept mapping
Problem-based learning
Inquiry-based learning
Discovery learning
Project-based learning (PBL)

4. Multi-Level & Multilingual Pedagogy

Teaching children at different levels in one class
Differentiated instruction
Remedial teaching strategies
Mother tongue-based learning
Code-switching, translanguaging

5. Integration with Art, Sports, ICT

Art-integrated pedagogy (NEP 2020 emphasis)
ICT-integrated learning
Blended learning
FLN-based pedagogical approaches (NIPUN Bharat)

6. Assessment in Activity-Based Learning

Formative vs Summative assessment
Portfolio assessment
Rubrics & checklists
Anecdotal records
Competency-based assessment
Holistic Progress Card (HPC)
Peer assessment
Self-assessment

7. Inclusive & Experiential Teaching for CWSN

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
TLM adaptation
Resource rooms
IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
Use of assistive devices

8. Classroom Management for Activity-Based Learning

Time management
Space management
Safety guidelines
Group formation strategies
Behaviour management
Learning environment (print-rich room)

PART (B): Case Study–Based Questions (Teaching-Learning Process)

These questions test your ability to apply pedagogy in real classroom situations.

Focus areas include:

1. Understanding the Learner

Child psychology basics
Learning styles (VAK, Kolb)
Motivation & interest
Individual differences
Multiple Intelligences (Gardner)

2. Classroom Problems (Case Situations)

Case-based questions on scenarios like:

Poor concentration
Slow learners
Gifted learners
Lack of motivation
Indiscipline
Bullying
Language barriers
Learning gaps
Emotional issues
Peer pressure
Overuse of gadgets
Homework-related stress

You must suggest:

Correct pedagogical action
No punishment
Child-centered solutions
Inclusive techniques
Behavioural intervention strategies

3. Case Studies in Assessment

Situations involving:

Low achievement
Poor conceptual clarity
Misconceptions
Assessment errors
Competency-based evaluation
Remedial & enrichment plans

4. Teacher Role in Case Situations

Questions based on:

Facilitator vs. dictator
Scaffolding
Constructive feedback
Reinforcement (positive & negative)
Counselling role of teacher
Managing diversity
Using classroom resources effectively

5. Case Studies on NEP 2020 Implementation

Situations include:

Mother-tongue teaching
Multidisciplinary tasks
21st-century skills (critical thinking, creativity)
Integrating vocational activities
Art integration
Holistic progress card
Activity-based evaluations

EMRS Case Study Question Themes (Highly Probable)

A child is unable to read grade-level text → what should the teacher do?
A group refuses to participate in activity → teacher's response?
A student is highly gifted → how to engage him/her?
A child belongs to linguistic minority → how to support?
Students are making noise during a hands-on activity → best classroom management strategy?
One student is dominating the project group → what should teacher change in group roles?
Students show misconceptions in science/maths → what is the right intervention?
How to adapt TLM for a visually impaired child?
A parent complains child is stressed due to homework → NEP-compliant action?
Teacher wants to promote inquiry-based learning → what steps to follow?

MCQ (200+) on Pedagogy

Q1. Pedagogy refers to—

A. Child psychology
B. Art and science of teaching
C. Evaluation techniques
D. Curriculum planning
Answer: B
Pedagogy = methods and practice of teaching.

Q2. Development is—

A. A continuous process
B. A discontinuous process
C. Limited up to adolescence
D. Only physical changes
Answer: A
Development continues from birth to death.

Q3. A child learns better when—

A. Teacher dictates notes
B. He memorizes more
C. He is actively involved
D. He listens silently
Answer: C
Active learning improves understanding.

Q4. “Learning by doing” is associated with—

A. Skinner
B. Thorndike
C. Vygotsky
D. John Dewey
Answer: D
Dewey advocated experiential education.

Q5. “Scaffolding” in learning is associated with—

A. Piaget
B. Bruner
C. Vygotsky
D. Kohler
Answer: C
Temporary support to learners = Vygotsky.

Q6. Intelligence means—

A. High memory
B. Ability to solve problems
C. High marks in exams
D. Physical strength
Answer: B
Modern view: adaptive problem-solving ability.

Q7. CCE (Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation) focuses on—

A. Memorization
B. Only exams
C. Overall development
D. Only written tests
Answer: C
CCE covers scholastic + co-scholastic areas.

Q8. Assessment for learning is—

A. Formative
B. Summative
C. Diagnostic
D. Norm-referenced
Answer: A
Formative assessment guides improvement.

Q9. Inclusive education means—

A. Separate schools for disabled children
B. Disabled children in regular classrooms
C. Only bright students together
D. Special schools only
Answer: B
Inclusion = same classroom with support.

Q10. Praising a student for good behaviour is—

A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Extinction
Answer: A
Praise increases desirable behaviour.

Q11. Best method for concept formation—

A. Dictation
B. Rote learning
C. Activity-based learning
D. Lecture
Answer: C
Children build concepts through activities.

Q12. Dyslexia is difficulty in—

A. Writing
B. Reading
C. Speaking
D. Listening
Answer: B
Dyslexia = reading disorder.

Q13. Remedial teaching means—

A. Advanced teaching
B. Competitive teaching
C. Teaching for experts
D. Removing learning difficulties
Answer: D
Extra help for struggling learners.

Q14. Highest level of Bloom’s taxonomy—

A. Understanding
B. Application
C. Analysis
D. Evaluation/Creating
Answer: D
Top level involves judging/creating.

Q15. Piaget's pre-operational stage—

A. 2–7 years
B. 7–11 years
C. 0–2 years
D. 11+ years
Answer: A
Symbolic thinking develops here.

Q16. Best form of motivation—

A. Grades
B. Rewards
C. Intrinsic motivation
D. Punishment
Answer: C
Internal motivation is long-lasting.

Q17. To handle individual differences—

A. Same lesson for all
B. Differentiated instruction
C. Fixed pace teaching
D. Ignoring weak students
Answer: B
Different tasks for different learners.

Q18. Case study method evaluates—

A. Real life behaviour
B. Theoretical knowledge
C. Memory
D. Grammar
Answer: A
Case studies analyze real situations.

Q19. Constructivism supports—

A. Teacher-centered learning
B. Memorization
C. Drill method
D. Learner-centered approach
Answer: D
Students construct meaning themselves.

Q20. Use of real objects in class is—

A. Abstract learning
B. Virtual learning
C. Concrete learning
D. Verbal learning
Answer: C
Concrete materials help understanding.

Q21. Language acquisition is—

A. Innate
B. Memorized
C. Taught through grammar
D. Learnt only in school
Answer: A
According to Chomsky.

Q22. Teacher modifies lesson for a slow learner—

A. Discrimination
B. Punishment
C. Labeling
D. Individualized instruction
Answer: D
Content adapted to learner needs.

Q23. MA = 10, CA = 8 → IQ ?

A. 80
B. 125
C. 100
D. 120
Answer: B
*IQ = (MA/CA)100.

Q24. Reinforcement strengthens—

A. Behaviour
B. Intelligence
C. Emotions
D. Punishment
Answer: A
Reinforcement increases response.

Q25. Role of teacher in constructivism—

A. Dictator
B. Authority
C. Facilitator
D. Knowledge-giver
Answer: C
Teacher guides learning.

Q26. “Learning is social” — given by—

A. Piaget
B. Skinner
C. Rogers
D. Vygotsky
Answer: D
Vygotsky proposed social interaction theory.

Q27. Democratic classroom promotes—

A. Fear
B. Cooperation
C. Silence
D. Competition
Answer: B
Democracy encourages participation.

Q28. Critical thinking develops through—

A. Rote learning
B. Closed questions
C. Open-ended questions
D. Repetition
Answer: C
Open questions stimulate thinking.

Q29. Observation method is used for—

A. Behaviour study
B. Abstract concepts
C. Memory tests
D. Dictation
Answer: A
Direct observation shows behaviours.

Q30. Teaching values through stories belongs to—

A. Cognitive
B. Psychomotor
C. Affective
D. Physical
Answer: C
Affective domain deals with attitudes.

Q31. Growth refers to—

A. Quantitative changes
B. Qualitative changes
C. Emotional change
D. Moral change
Answer: A
Increase in size, height, weight.

Q32. Development refers to—

A. Only physical change
B. Overall qualitative change
C. Biological change
D. Fixed stages
Answer: B
Development includes personality, emotions.

Q33. Cognitive domain includes—

A. Skills
B. Attitude
C. Thinking
D. Emotions
Answer: C
It deals with intellectual abilities.

Q34. Peer learning works because—

A. Students fear each other
B. Students influence each other
C. Students ignore peers
D. Students compete only
Answer: B
Peer interaction improves learning.

Q35. Problem solving improves through—

A. Drill work
B. Memorization
C. Notes dictation
D. Inquiry-based learning
Answer: D
Inquiry builds analytical skills.

Q36. Summative assessment is done—

A. End of term
B. Daily
C. Weekly
D. Before teaching
Answer: A
Used for grading at course end.

Q37. Encouraging self-evaluation builds—

A. Motor skills
B. Memory
C. Metacognition
D. Physical ability
Answer: C
Metacognition = thinking about thinking.

Q38. Readiness to learn depends on—

A. Marks
B. Maturation
C. Reward
D. Fear
Answer: B
Maturation prepares child for learning.

Q39. Learning disability is—

A. Social problem
B. Emotional problem
C. Neurological condition
D. Discipline issue
Answer: C
Brain-based processing difficulty.

Q40. Multigrade teaching means—

A. Multi-subject teaching
B. Teaching only one class
C. Using multiple methods
D. Teaching several grades together
Answer: D
Common in small rural schools.

41. The major goal of classroom assessment is—

a) Ranking students
b) Improving learning
c) Punishing weak learners
d) Filling report cards
Answer: b
Explanation: Assessment is mainly for improving teaching–learning.

42. Inclusive education focuses on—

a) Only disabled children
b) Only gifted children
c) All children learning together
d) Only slow learners
Answer: c
Explanation: Inclusive classrooms support all learners.

43. Constructivism believes that learners—

a) Memorize knowledge
b) Construct knowledge actively
c) Learn only from teachers
d) Learn only through tests
Answer: b
Explanation: Constructivist theory = knowledge construction.

44. The main purpose of remedial teaching is—

a) Give extra homework
b) Improve weak areas
c) Reduce syllabus
d) Punish failure
Answer: b
Explanation: Remedial teaching removes learning gaps.

45. Scaffolding means—

a) Giving permanent support
b) Giving temporary support
c) Giving punishment
d) Removing all help
Answer: b
Explanation: Temporary support so learners become independent.

46. Formative assessment is conducted—

a) At end of year
b) During teaching
c) Once in a lifetime
d) Only for ranking
Answer: b
Explanation: Formative = ongoing, during learning.

47. Summative assessment is—

a) Diagnostic
b) End-term assessment
c) Continuous process
d) Informal checking
Answer: b
Explanation: Summative = final evaluation.

48. Which is an affective domain objective?

a) Writing essay
b) Solving math
c) Showing empathy
d) Drawing map
Answer: c
Explanation: Affective = attitudes, emotions.

49. Peer learning helps in—

a) Competition
b) Cooperation
c) Individualism
d) Isolation
Answer: b
Explanation: Peer learning builds cooperation.

50. “Learning by doing” is associated with—

a) Skinner
b) Thorndike
c) Dewey
d) Pavlov
Answer: c
Explanation: Dewey promoted experiential learning.

51. A child prefers hands-on activities. This learning style is—

a) Visual
b) Auditory
c) Kinesthetic
d) Verbal
Answer: c
Explanation: Kinesthetic learners learn by movement/activity.

52. Concept of ZPD was given by—

a) Piaget
b) Vygotsky
c) Bruner
d) Skinner
Answer: b
Explanation: ZPD = Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory.

53. The “Law of Effect” was given by—

a) Pavlov
b) Thorndike
c) Skinner
d) Bruner
Answer: b
Explanation: Behaviour strengthened by satisfaction.

54. The best method to teach moral values is—

a) Memorization
b) Storytelling
c) Punishment
d) Repetition
Answer: b
Explanation: Stories build values effectively.

55. A child learns language mainly through—

a) Drill only
b) Exposure and interaction
c) Punishment
d) Isolated practice
Answer: b
Explanation: Language develops through interaction.

56. Creative children often—

a) Follow strict rules
b) Ask unusual questions
c) Copy others
d) Avoid risk
Answer: b
Explanation: Creativity = curiosity + divergent thinking.

57. The major purpose of homework is—

a) Parent involvement
b) Practice and reinforcement
c) To reduce teacher work
d) Punishment
Answer: b
Explanation: Homework strengthens learning.

58. Classroom management aims to—

a) Control students
b) Create learning environment
c) Punish misbehaviour
d) Reduce activities
Answer: b
Explanation: Good classroom management supports learning.

59. A diagnostic test identifies—

a) New skills
b) Learning difficulties
c) Interests
d) Attitudes
Answer: b
Explanation: Diagnostic = find learning gaps.

60. Anecdotal record focuses on—

a) Marks
b) Behaviour observations
c) Homework
d) Timetable
Answer: b
Explanation: Anecdotal records describe behaviour events.

61. A gifted child generally—

a) Learns slowly
b) Shows advanced abilities
c) Avoids challenges
d) Has low curiosity
Answer: b
Explanation: Gifted learners show high potential.

62. Micro-teaching cycle starts with—

a) Feedback
b) Teaching
c) Planning
d) Re-teaching
Answer: c
Explanation: Micro-teaching cycle = Plan → Teach → Feedback.

63. Reflective teaching means—

a) Copy old methods
b) Evaluate own teaching
c) Take long lectures
d) Use strict discipline
Answer: b
Explanation: Teachers reflect to improve.

64. Classroom questions should be—

a) Closed
b) Leading
c) Open-ended
d) Confusing
Answer: c
Explanation: Open questions improve thinking skills.

65. A democratic classroom encourages—

a) Fear
b) Student voice
c) Memorization
d) Punishment
Answer: b
Explanation: Democracy = participation + freedom.

66. Critical thinking requires—

a) Rote learning
b) Evaluation and reasoning
c) Blind acceptance
d) Silence
Answer: b
Explanation: Critical thinking = analysis + judgement.

67. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation focuses on—

a) Only academics
b) Holistic development
c) Only exams
d) Only discipline
Answer: b
Explanation: CCE = scholastic + co-scholastic.

68. A good question paper should be—

a) Biased
b) Unbalanced
c) Valid and reliable
d) Only MCQs
Answer: c
Explanation: Valid + reliable = quality assessment.

69. Learning is most effective when—

a) Students are active
b) Students are silent
c) Students memorize
d) Students copy
Answer: a
Explanation: Active learning = deeper learning.

70. Role of teacher in constructivism—

a) Dictator
b) Facilitator
c) Controller
d) Speaker only
Answer: b
Explanation: Teacher guides, does not dominate.

71. Portfolio assessment contains—

a) Only exams
b) Student work samples
c) Only homework
d) Only tests
Answer: b
Explanation: Portfolio shows student progress.

72. A good lesson plan must include—

a) Fear
b) Objectives
c) Punishment
d) Extra homework
Answer: b
Explanation: Objectives guide teaching.

73. The best strategy for mixed-ability classroom—

a) Corporal punishment
b) Differentiated instruction
c) Same work for all
d) Ignoring slow learners
Answer: b
Explanation: Differentiation supports diverse learners.

74. Readiness to learn depends on—

a) Physical and mental maturity
b) Punishment
c) Rewards only
d) Exams
Answer: a
Explanation: Readiness requires maturity.

75. According to Piaget, children learn—

a) By trial only
b) Through active exploration
c) Only by listening
d) Through punishment
Answer: b
Explanation: Piaget believed in active learning.

76. Role-play develops—

a) Fear
b) Social skills
c) Silence
d) Memorization
Answer: b
Explanation: Role-play builds communication and empathy.

77. Hidden curriculum includes—

a) Official syllabus
b) Unwritten values and norms
c) Textbook content
d) Exam portion
Answer: b
Explanation: Hidden curriculum = informal learning.

78. The purpose of brainstorming—

a) One answer only
b) Generate many ideas
c) Memorize facts
d) Punish errors
Answer: b
Explanation: Brainstorming promotes divergent thinking.

79. Multigrade teaching means—

a) Teaching one class
b) Teaching two or more classes together
c) Teaching only gifted
d) Teaching only slow learners
Answer: b
Explanation: One teacher handles multiple grades.

80. The most effective feedback is—

a) Delayed
b) Immediate and specific
c) Negative
d) General only
Answer: b
Explanation: Immediate feedback improves learning fast.

81. Constructivist classrooms mainly promote—

a) Rote learning
b) Teacher domination
c) Active participation
d) Silence
Answer: c
Explanation: Constructivism requires active involvement.

82. Howard Gardner proposed—

a) Classical conditioning
b) Multiple Intelligence theory
c) Law of Effect
d) Operant conditioning
Answer: b
Explanation: Gardner: 8 types of intelligence.

83. Assessment for learning refers to—

a) Formative assessment
b) Summative assessment
c) Promotion exams
d) Entrance tests
Answer: a
Explanation: Assessment for learning = formative.

84. A child unable to read due to letter confusion shows—

a) Dysgraphia
b) Dyslexia
c) Dyspraxia
d) Autism
Answer: b
Explanation: Dyslexia = reading difficulty.

85. KWL chart is used for—

a) Lesson planning
b) Activating prior knowledge
c) Homework checking
d) Punishment
Answer: b
Explanation: KWL = Know, Want, Learned.

86. A learning obstacle is called—

a) Reinforcement
b) Barrier
c) Transfer
d) Motivation
Answer: b
Explanation: Barriers block learning progress.

87. The best way to introduce a new topic is—

a) Give homework
b) Link with previous knowledge
c) Start with exam questions
d) Give tough tasks first
Answer: b
Explanation: Teaching must use prior knowledge.

88. Spiral curriculum was proposed by—

a) Bruner
b) Dewey
c) Skinner
d) Pavlov
Answer: a
Explanation: Bruner: increasing complexity gradually.

89. Cooperative learning includes—

a) Individual tasks
b) Group goals
c) Silent work
d) Teacher lectures
Answer: b
Explanation: Cooperation = shared learning goals.

90. The primary role of a teacher in inclusive classroom—

a) Ignore diversity
b) Modify teaching for all
c) Teach only fast learners
d) Reduce syllabus
Answer: b
Explanation: Teachers adapt teaching for diverse learners.

91. Anecdotal records are written—

a) Daily
b) During special behaviour events
c) Only at year-end
d) Only when parents ask
Answer: b
Explanation: Anecdotal = event-based.

92. Learning outcomes describe—

a) Student behaviour expectations
b) Teacher salary
c) School timetable
d) Homework
Answer: a
Explanation: Learning outcomes = expected skills.

93. “Reinforcement strengthens behaviour” is from—

a) Pavlov
b) Skinner
c) Piaget
d) Kohlberg
Answer: b
Explanation: Skinner’s operant conditioning.

94. According to Piaget, 7–11 years stage is—

a) Sensorimotor
b) Pre-operational
c) Concrete operational
d) Formal operational
Answer: c
Explanation: Logical thinking develops in this stage.

95. Inventory method is used to study—

a) Attitudes
b) Height
c) Weight
d) Climate
Answer: a
Explanation: Inventories check interests/attitudes.

96. Best activity for Social Science is—

a) Map work
b) Dictation
c) Memorization
d) Only reading
Answer: a
Explanation: Map work builds spatial skills.

97. Reciprocal teaching improves—

a) Drawing
b) Reading comprehension
c) Memorization
d) Number copying
Answer: b
Explanation: Uses predicting, questioning, summarizing.

98. Most important factor in motivation—

a) Threat
b) Reward
c) Interest
d) Punishment
Answer: c
Explanation: Interest drives intrinsic motivation.

99. VARK learning style includes—

a) Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic
b) Visual only
c) Auditory only
d) Reading only
Answer: a
Explanation: VARK = 4 learning preferences.

100. Skill-based learning focuses on—

a) Memorization
b) Practical application
c) Only theory
d) Notes
Answer: b
Explanation: Skill learning = practical skills.

101. “Schema” concept belongs to—

a) Kohlberg
b) Piaget
c) Pavlov
d) Skinner
Answer: b
Explanation: Piaget used schema for mental structures.

102. Problem-solving begins with—

a) Searching for answers
b) Identifying the problem
c) Writing exam
d) Copying
Answer: b
Explanation: First step: identify the problem.

103. In reflective teaching, the teacher—

a) Reviews own teaching
b) Controls students
c) Focus on punishment
d) Memorizes textbooks
Answer: a
Explanation: Reflection improves teaching quality.

104. The main aim of evaluation is—

a) Find errors only
b) Improve learning
c) Punish wrong answers
d) Give ranks
Answer: b
Explanation: Evaluation supports teaching decisions.

105. “Readiness” factor in learning means—

a) Emotional and mental preparedness
b) Only physical growth
c) Only interest
d) Only exams
Answer: a
Explanation: Learning occurs when child is ready.

106. The teacher uses TLM to—

a) Decorate class
b) Enhance learning
c) Waste time
d) Confuse learners
Answer: b
Explanation: TLM = instructional aid.

107. A behaviour that is not reinforced will—

a) Increase
b) Stop gradually
c) Stay constant
d) Become automatic
Answer: b
Explanation: Behaviour extinguishes without reinforcement.

108. Critical pedagogy was proposed by—

a) Paulo Freire
b) Thorndike
c) Skinner
d) Piaget
Answer: a
Explanation: Freire advocated liberation through education.

109. Experiential learning cycle was given by—

a) Kolb
b) Gardner
c) Freud
d) Vygotsky
Answer: a
Explanation: Kolb = concrete → reflect → abstract → test.

110. Best method to teach Science concepts—

a) Lecture
b) Experimentation
c) Story only
d) Memorization
Answer: b
Explanation: Science requires hands-on experiments.

111. Bloom’s taxonomy has how many levels?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 6
d) 8
Answer: c
Explanation: Knowledge → Evaluation (6 levels).

112. Example of psychomotor domain—

a) Writing neatly
b) Memorizing formula
c) Explaining theory
d) Reading
Answer: a
Explanation: Psychomotor = physical skills.

113. The role of a mentor is—

a) Scold
b) Guide and support
c) Punish
d) Control
Answer: b
Explanation: Mentor = facilitator of growth.

114. Case study method helps in—

a) Real-life problem analysis
b) Memorizing
c) Oral marks
d) Punishment
Answer: a
Explanation: Case study builds reasoning skills.

115. Peer assessment encourages—

a) Competition
b) Responsibility
c) Isolation
d) Fear
Answer: b
Explanation: Peer assessment builds ownership.

116. Learning is a—

a) Passive process
b) Active and continuous process
c) One-time event
d) Forced habit
Answer: b
Explanation: Learning is continuous + active.

117. Classroom diversity means—

a) All students alike
b) Students with differences
c) Only disabled
d) Only gifted
Answer: b
Explanation: Diversity includes all variations.

118. A rubric is used for—

a) Marking criteria
b) Games
c) Homework
d) Punishment
Answer: a
Explanation: Rubrics give scoring guidelines.

119. Education according to Gandhi is—

a) Literacy
b) Hand, head, heart development
c) Only exams
d) Only reading
Answer: b
Explanation: Nai Talim focuses on 3H.

120. The best teaching method for values—

a) Drills
b) Discussion & examples
c) Punishment
d) Memorization
Answer: b
Explanation: Values grow via discussion.

121. The most suitable method for developing higher-order thinking is—

a) Rote learning
b) Inquiry-based learning
c) Copying notes
d) Drill work
Answer: b
Explanation: Inquiry promotes analysis and reasoning.

122. Role of teacher in value education is—

a) Dictator
b) Model and facilitator
c) Examiner
d) Controller
Answer: b
Explanation: Teacher models values and guides practice.

123. Observation method is used to assess—

a) Mental skills
b) Behaviour and actions
c) IQ
d) Homework
Answer: b
Explanation: Observation captures real behaviours.

124. Remedial teaching is given to—

a) Gifted learners
b) Students with learning difficulties
c) Only high achievers
d) Absent students
Answer: b
Explanation: It helps remove learning gaps.

125. A curriculum is—

a) Only syllabus
b) Complete learning experience provided by school
c) Only textbooks
d) Only exam portion
Answer: b
Explanation: Curriculum = all planned experiences.

126. Inclusive education rejects—

a) Integration
b) Segregation
c) Support
d) Participation
Answer: b
Explanation: Inclusion avoids separating children.

127. Self-learning can be promoted through—

a) Projects
b) Punishment
c) Dictation
d) Memorization
Answer: a
Explanation: Projects nurture independent learning.

128. The main purpose of diagnostic test is—

a) Promotion
b) Identifying learning gaps
c) Certification
d) Ranking
Answer: b
Explanation: Diagnostic = spot difficulties.

129. Programmed instruction is based on—

a) Trial and error
b) Operant conditioning
c) Humanistic theory
d) Gestalt theory
Answer: b
Explanation: Skinner’s operant model.

130. Reinforcement must be—

a) Immediate
b) Delayed
c) Negative
d) Rare
Answer: a
Explanation: Immediate reinforcement is most effective.

131. Team-teaching involves—

a) One teacher only
b) Two or more teachers planning together
c) Only principal teaching
d) No planning
Answer: b
Explanation: Team-teaching = collaborative delivery.

132. According to Kohlberg, moral development progresses through—

a) Single stage
b) Multiple stages
c) Only two stages
d) No stages
Answer: b
Explanation: Kohlberg proposed six stages.

133. Norm-referenced test compares—

a) Student with student
b) Student with criteria
c) Exam with teacher
d) School with another school
Answer: a
Explanation: Norm-referenced = comparison among peers.

134. Criterion-referenced test compares—

a) Student with class
b) Student with fixed standard
c) Student with teacher
d) Student with school average
Answer: b
Explanation: Compares performance with criteria.

135. Best teaching method for primary classes—

a) Lecture
b) Play-way method
c) Dictation
d) Memorization
Answer: b
Explanation: Children learn best through play.

136. Classroom climate should be—

a) Fearful
b) Supportive
c) Punitive
d) Silent
Answer: b
Explanation: Supportive climate enhances learning.

137. A rubric helps in—

a) Subjective scoring
b) Objective scoring
c) Reducing teaching
d) More homework
Answer: b
Explanation: Rubrics make scoring transparent.

138. Learning disability is related to—

a) Intelligence
b) Specific academic skill deficits
c) Behaviour disorder
d) Hearing loss
Answer: b
Explanation: LD affects reading/writing/math.

139. Project method was developed by—

a) Dewey
b) Kilpatrick
c) Skinner
d) Bruner
Answer: b
Explanation: Kilpatrick popularized project method.

140. Reflective journal is used for—

a) Memorization
b) Reflecting on learning
c) Homework record
d) Exam answers
Answer: b
Explanation: Journals support metacognition.

141. “Learning is social” is the idea of—

a) Vygotsky
b) Piaget
c) Skinner
d) Pavlov
Answer: a
Explanation: Vygotsky emphasized social interaction.

142. The main purpose of ICT in classrooms is—

a) Entertainment only
b) Enhancing teaching-learning
c) Increasing screen time
d) Avoiding teacher work
Answer: b
Explanation: ICT improves engagement and learning.

143. Anecdotal records should be—

a) Judgmental
b) Factual
c) Exaggerated
d) Emotional
Answer: b
Explanation: Observations must be factual.

144. The best way to teach vocabulary—

a) Dictionary memorization
b) Using words in context
c) Punishment
d) Only reading
Answer: b
Explanation: Context improves retention.

145. Learning outcomes must be—

a) Vague
b) Clear and measurable
c) Confusing
d) Hidden
Answer: b
Explanation: LO must be specific.

146. Critical thinking develops through—

a) Discussion
b) Rote learning
c) Copying
d) Fear
Answer: a
Explanation: Discussion builds reasoning.

147. The “situated learning” theory was given by—

a) Skinner
b) Lave and Wenger
c) Freud
d) Piaget
Answer: b
Explanation: Situated learning = learning in context.

148. A child uses symbols but cannot think logically. Stage?

a) Sensorimotor
b) Pre-operational
c) Concrete operational
d) Formal operational
Answer: b
Explanation: Pre-operational = symbolic thinking.

149. A teacher asks open-ended questions to promote—

a) Copying
b) Thinking
c) Fear
d) Silence
Answer: b
Explanation: Open-ended questions build creativity.

150. Which of the following is NOT a component of CCE?

a) Formative assessment
b) Summative assessment
c) Scholastic evaluation
d) Only final exam
Answer: d
Explanation: CCE is continuous, not one exam.

151. Collaborative learning promotes—

a) Isolation
b) Social interaction
c) Competition only
d) Individualism
Answer: b
Explanation: Collaboration builds social skills.

152. In Bloom’s taxonomy, “Applying” comes after—

a) Creating
b) Remembering
c) Understanding
d) Evaluating
Answer: c
Explanation: Order: Remember → Understand → Apply.

153. The most important tool for child-centered education—

a) Drill
b) Activity
c) Lecture
d) Dictation
Answer: b
Explanation: Activities engage the child.

154. A teacher uses different activities for different learners. This is—

a) Punishment
b) Differentiated instruction
c) Extra homework
d) Segregation
Answer: b
Explanation: It matches diverse needs.

155. Skill of reinforcement is a part of—

a) Micro-teaching
b) Summative test
c) Homework
d) Project
Answer: a
Explanation: Reinforcement skill taught in micro-teaching.

156. The aim of pre-reading activity is—

a) Confuse students
b) Activate prior knowledge
c) Punish students
d) Delay reading
Answer: b
Explanation: Pre-reading prepares learners.

157. The central idea of NEP 2020—

a) Rote learning
b) Holistic, multidisciplinary education
c) Only exams
d) More textbooks
Answer: b
Explanation: NEP stresses holistic, flexible learning.

158. Learning by imitation is called—

a) Latent learning
b) Observational learning
c) Trial and error
d) Conditioning
Answer: b
Explanation: Bandura’s observational learning.

159. Scope of educational psychology includes—

a) Machine learning
b) Learner behaviour
c) Game design
d) History of India
Answer: b
Explanation: Study of learners + processes.

160. Best method to develop communication skills—

a) Lecture
b) Group discussion
c) Punishment
d) Silence
Answer: b
Explanation: Discussions enhance communication.

Q161. Constructivist teaching promotes:

A. Passive listening
B. Repetition and drill
C. Learner-generated knowledge
D. Memorization of facts

Answer: C
Explanation: Constructivism believes students construct knowledge through exploration, experience, and interaction—not by rote learning.

Q162. Diagnostic assessment is used to:

A. Certify achievement
B. Find learning gaps
C. Assign grades
D. Promote students

Answer: B
Explanation: Diagnostic tests identify strengths, weaknesses, misconceptions before teaching.

Q163. A child solves a problem using trial and error. According to Bruner, this is:

A. Symbolic stage
B. Iconic stage
C. Enactive stage
D. Reflective stage

Answer: C
Explanation: The enactive stage involves learning through actions, experimentation, and physical manipulation.

Q164. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was given by:

A. Bruner
B. Skinner
C. Vygotsky
D. Kohlberg

Answer: C
Explanation: ZPD explains the gap between what a learner can do independently and with support.

Q165. Reinforcement increases the probability of:

A. Forgetting
B. Punishment
C. Desired response
D. Extinction

Answer: C
Explanation: In behaviourism, reinforcement strengthens a specific behaviour.

Q166. Peer tutoring works on which principle?

A. Competition
B. Hierarchy
C. Social interaction
D. Punishment

Answer: C
Explanation: Peer learning enhances understanding through collaboration and communication.

Q167. Summative assessment is usually conducted:

A. During learning
B. After completion of a unit
C. Before learning
D. Daily

Answer: B
Explanation: Summative assessments evaluate overall achievement at the end.

Q168. According to Piaget, 11–14 years belong to:

A. Pre-operational stage
B. Concrete operational stage
C. Sensori-motor stage
D. Formal operational stage

Answer: D
Explanation: Formal operations involve abstract thinking, reasoning, hypothetical situations.

Q169. A teacher provides hints and partial solutions. This is called:

A. Scaffolding
B. Reinforcing
C. Punishing
D. Labeling

Answer: A
Explanation: Scaffolding is temporary support to help learners achieve tasks in their ZPD.

Q170. Which of the following promotes critical thinking?

A. Rote learning
B. Closed questions
C. Open-ended questions
D. Memorizing notes

Answer: C
Explanation: Open-ended questions encourage analysis, creativity, and reasoning.

Q171. A child misbehaves to gain attention. This is explained by:

A. Classical conditioning
B. Observational learning
C. Trial and error
D. Social learning theory

Answer: D
Explanation: Social learning (Bandura) says children imitate behaviours that get attention or reward.

Q172. Inclusion aims to:

A. Separate special learners
B. Reduce diversity
C. Teach all learners together
D. Focus only on bright students

Answer: C
Explanation: Inclusion ensures equal learning opportunities for all students with support.

Q173. Which skill is MOST essential for experiential learning?

A. Listening
B. Memorization
C. Reflection
D. Dictation

Answer: C
Explanation: Experiential learning cycle requires reflecting on experiences to build understanding.

Q174. Remedial teaching is given to:

A. Bright students only
B. Slow learners
C. All learners
D. Teachers

Answer: B
Explanation: Remedial teaching fills learning gaps of students needing additional help.

Q175. Case-based teaching improves:

A. Copying skill
B. Rote learning
C. Decision-making
D. Dictation skills

Answer: C
Explanation: Case studies develop analysis, application, and decision-making abilities.

Q176. “Reward after every correct response” is:

A. Interval schedule
B. Fixed ratio
C. Fixed interval
D. Variable interval

Answer: B
Explanation: Fixed Ratio = reinforcement after a fixed number of responses (e.g., every correct answer).

Q177. Which is learner-centered?

A. Lecture
B. Drill method
C. Project method
D. Dictation

Answer: C
Explanation: Project method involves planning, researching, and executing, making learning active.

Q178. A teacher encourages students to question. This supports:

A. Discipline
B. Critical pedagogy
C. Rote memory
D. Silence in class

Answer: B
Explanation: Critical pedagogy promotes questioning, awareness, and empowerment.

Q179. Formative assessment examples include:

A. Annual exam
B. Weekly quiz
C. Final viva
D. Certification test

Answer: B
Explanation: Formative assessments monitor progress during learning.

Q180. A student scores high in naturalistic intelligence. According to Gardner, he is good at:

A. Numbers
B. Music
C. Nature and environment
D. Speaking

Answer: C
Explanation: Naturalistic intelligence = sensitivity to plants, animals, nature.

Q181. The main aim of Bloom’s Taxonomy is to:

A. Assign grades
B. Classify learning objectives
C. Promote competition
D. Punish slow learners

Answer: B
Explanation: Bloom categorizes objectives into cognitive, affective, psychomotor domains.

Q182. Which factor MOST affects motivation?

A. Threat
B. Fear of punishment
C. Success and recognition
D. Isolation

Answer: C
Explanation: Students feel motivated when they experience success and get encouragement.

Q183. Active learning involves:

A. Reading quietly
B. Listening to lectures
C. Group discussion
D. Taking notes silently

Answer: C
Explanation: Active learning includes interaction, participation, communication.

Q184. A teacher uses real objects in class. This is:

A. Abstract learning
B. Demonstration
C. Audio learning
D. Drill

Answer: B
Explanation: Demonstration uses real objects and experiments for clear understanding.

Q185. Assessment for learning focuses on:

A. Marks
B. Identifying gaps
C. Ranking students
D. Punishment

Answer: B
Explanation: It helps improve teaching and learning by finding misconceptions.

Q186. The “Law of Effect” states that:

A. Punishment increases learning
B. Reinforcement strengthens behaviour
C. Practice causes forgetting
D. Intelligence is fixed

Answer: B
Explanation: Thorndike’s Law of Effect says satisfying results strengthen behaviour.

Q187. Child-centered education was promoted by:

A. Dewey
B. Skinner
C. Thorndike
D. Pavlov

Answer: A
Explanation: John Dewey emphasized learning by doing and active participation.

Q188. Which is an example of metacognition?

A. Writing notes
B. Checking one’s own understanding
C. Listening to teacher
D. Copying homework

Answer: B
Explanation: Metacognition = thinking about one’s thinking, self-monitoring.

Q189. A child imitates the teacher’s behaviour. This is:

A. Classical conditioning
B. Social learning
C. Insight learning
D. Operant conditioning

Answer: B
Explanation: Bandura emphasized learning through imitation and modeling.

Q190. The “Affective domain” relates to:

A. Physical skills
B. Emotions and values
C. Numbers
D. Memory

Answer: B
Explanation: Affective domain focuses on attitudes, values, feelings.

Q191. Which helps develop higher-order thinking?

A. Multiple-choice tests
B. Copying notes
C. Problem-solving tasks
D. Repetition tasks

Answer: C
Explanation: HOTS require analysis, evaluation, creativity.

Q192. A teacher encourages students to work in small groups. This promotes:

A. Isolation
B. Collaboration
C. Competition
D. Passive learning

Answer: B
Explanation: Group work improves teamwork, communication, and peer learning.

Q193. The best method for concept clarity is:

A. Drill
B. Lecture
C. Activity-based learning
D. Memorization

Answer: C
Explanation: Doing real activities helps students construct concepts effectively.

Q194. Which is an example of intrinsic motivation?

A. Prize
B. Grades
C. Interest in the subject
D. Reward

Answer: C
Explanation: Intrinsic motivation arises from internal interest and curiosity.

Q195. A teacher explains content but also links it with real-life situations. This is:

A. Fragmented learning
B. Contextual learning
C. Rote learning
D. Passive teaching

Answer: B
Explanation: Contextual learning makes concepts relatable and meaningful.

Q196. Which promotes creativity the MOST?

A. Closed-ended questions
B. Copying from textbook
C. Open problem-solving
D. Memorizing points

Answer: C
Explanation: Open-ended problems encourage innovation and original thinking.

Q197. Insight learning was proposed by:

A. Kohler
B. Skinner
C. Watson
D. Pavlov

Answer: A
Explanation: Kohler studied sudden realization through experiments on chimpanzees.

Q198. Graphic organizers help in:

A. Increasing homework
B. Rote learning
C. Organizing and connecting ideas
D. Punishment

Answer: C
Explanation: They provide visual structure for concepts.

Q199. In reflective teaching, teachers:

A. Repeat the same method
B. Analyze their own teaching
C. Ignore feedback
D. Focus on syllabus only

Answer: B
Explanation: Reflective teachers evaluate and improve instructional practices.

Q200. A learner performs well only after reward. This is:

A. Classical learning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Insight learning
D. Maturation

Answer: B
Explanation: Operant conditioning relies on reinforcement to shape behaviour.

Q201. “Learning by doing” is the core of:

A. Drill method
B. Lecture
C. Project method
D. Dictation

Answer: C
Explanation: Project method engages students in real tasks, promoting active learning.

Q202. The best way to handle a slow learner is:

A. Punish him
B. Compare with others
C. Provide remedial support
D. Ignore him

Answer: C
Explanation: Remedial teaching helps fill specific learning gaps.

Monday, November 17, 2025

EMRS Tier-I Syllabus Part-V (a): Experiential, Activity-Based Pedagogy MCQ (200+), Domain Knowledge, PGT, TGT, Non Teaching Post, EMRS, KVS, NVS, Exam 2025