Tense tells the time of action and the state of action (completed/ongoing/future).
Tenses = Present, Past, Future × Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous⭐ 1. PRESENT TENSE
A. Present Indefinite (Simple Present)
Use:
✔ Daily routine
✔ Habit
✔ Universal truth
✔ Facts
✔ Scheduled events
Structure:
Subject + V1/V5 + object
Negative → do/does + not + V1
Question → Do/Does + subject + V1
Examples:
She plays cricket.
The sun rises in the east.
I do not eat fast food.
B. Present Continuous
Use:
✔ Action happening now
✔ Temporary action
✔ Complaints (always + V-ing)
Structure:
is/am/are + V-ing
Examples:
She is reading.
They are playing.
He is always complaining.
C. Present Perfect
Use:
✔ Action completed just now
✔ Experiential actions
✔ Unspecified time
Structure:
has/have + V3
Examples:
I have finished my work.
She has visited Delhi twice.
D. Present Perfect Continuous
Use:
✔ Action started in the past and continuing now
✔ With since/for
Structure:
has/have + been + V-ing
Examples:
She has been studying for two hours.
They have been living here since 2010.
⭐ 2. PAST TENSE
A. Past Indefinite (Simple Past)
Use:
✔ Action completed in past
✔ Past habits
✔ Storytelling
Structure:
Subject + V2
Negative → did not + V1
Examples:
She went to school.
I did not see him.
B. Past Continuous
Use:
✔ Action happening at a specific time in past
✔ Two actions happening together
✔ Past background scene
Structure:
was/were + V-ing
Example:
They were playing.
I was cooking when she arrived.
C. Past Perfect
Use:
✔ Two actions in the past → earlier action = Past Perfect
✔ Used with before, after, when
Structure:
had + V3
Example:
The train had left before we reached.
She had eaten before I came.
D. Past Perfect Continuous
Use:
✔ Action that started in past and continued up to another point in past
Structure:
had been + V-ing
Example:
They had been waiting for two hours when the bus arrived.
⭐ 3. FUTURE TENSE
A. Future Indefinite
Use:
✔ Decisions made at the moment
✔ Offers/Promises
✔ Predictions
Structure:
will/shall + V1
Example:
I will go tomorrow.
She will help you.
B. Future Continuous
Use:
✔ Action that will be happening at a certain time in the future
Structure:
will be + V-ing
Example:
I will be waiting for you.
C. Future Perfect
Use:
✔ Action completed before a given time in the future
Structure:
will have + V3
Example:
She will have finished her work by 5 PM.
D. Future Perfect Continuous
Use:
✔ Action continuing up to a point in future
Structure:
will have been + V-ing
Example:
They will have been working for 10 hours by evening.
⭐ 4. MOST IMPORTANT TENSE RULES FOR EXAMS
Rule 1: Do not use Past Perfect without another past action.
❌ He had gone yesterday.
✔ He went yesterday.
Rule 2: After “before”, earlier action → Past Perfect
The train had left before we reached.
Rule 3: After “since”, use perfect / perfect continuous.
I have been living here since 2010.
Rule 4: Universal truths → Present Indefinite
The Earth moves around the Sun.
Rule 5: Scheduled future events → Present Indefinite
The train leaves at 6 PM.
Rule 6: “While” = continuous → “When” = interrupting action
She was reading while he was sleeping.
When I reached, the match had started.
Rule 7: “News, mathematics, physics” = singular
Mathematics is difficult.
Rule 8: Conditional sentences
If + Present Indefinite → Future
If he comes, I will go.
⭐ Now the Most Important Section
20 MCQs on TENSES
(Mixed EMRS, NVS, KVS PYQ pattern)
📍 MCQs 1–20
1. He ___ here since morning.
a) is
b) has been
c) was
d) had been
Answer: b
2. When I reached, they ___ dinner.
a) had
b) have had
c) had had
d) had been having
Answer: c
3. She ___ to school every day.
a) go
b) goes
c) going
d) gone
Answer: b
4. The train ___ before we arrived.
a) left
b) has left
c) had left
d) leaves
Answer: c
5. I ___ TV when he came.
a) watch
b) was watching
c) watched
d) had watched
Answer: b
6. She said that she ___ busy.
a) is
b) was
c) has been
d) will be
Answer: b
7. By next year, I ___ my degree.
a) will complete
b) will have completed
c) have completed
d) had completed
Answer: b
8. He ___ in Delhi for two years.
a) lives
b) lived
c) has lived
d) had lived
Answer: c
9. They ___ when the guests arrived.
a) eat
b) were eating
c) ate
d) had eaten
Answer: b
10. If he works hard, he ___ pass.
a) will
b) would
c) should
d) can’t
Answer: a
11. I ___ my keys yesterday.
a) lose
b) lost
c) have lost
d) had lost
Answer: b
12. We ___ for his call for one hour.
a) waited
b) have waited
c) had waited
d) had been waiting
Answer: d
13. She usually ___ up early.
a) get
b) gets
c) getting
d) got
Answer: b
14. He said that he ___ the movie.
a) has seen
b) had seen
c) saw
d) sees
Answer: b
15. While I ___, the phone rang.
a) cook
b) cooked
c) was cooking
d) had cooked
Answer: c
16. The match ___ at 7 PM. (Fixed schedule)
a) begins
b) began
c) will begin
d) is beginning
Answer: a
17. She ___ dinner by the time we arrived.
a) has cooked
b) had cooked
c) cooks
d) will cook
Answer: b
18. I ___ him tomorrow.
a) meet
b) will meet
c) meeting
d) met
Answer: b
19. He ___ for an hour when the doctor came.
a) was waiting
b) waited
c) had waited
d) had been waiting
Answer: d
20. They ___ the work already.
a) have finished
b) finished
c) finish
d) had finished
Answer: a
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