EMRS Tier-I Syllabus Part-III: Fundamentals of Computer System, Knowledge of ICT (Information & Communication Technology), PGT, TGT, Non Teaching Post, Exam 2025

Part-III: Knowledge of ICT (सूचना एवं संचार प्रौद्योगिकी का ज्ञान)

Topics covered:

1. Fundamentals of Computer System

2. Basics of Operating System

3. MS Office

4. Keyboard Shortcuts

5. Important Computer Terms & Abbreviations

6. Computer Networks

7. Cyber Security

8. Internet

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🖥️ 1. Fundamentals of Computer System (कंप्यूटर सिस्टम के मूल सिद्धांत)

🔹 Definition

English:
A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it according to instructions, and produces output.

Hindi:
कंप्यूटर एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक यंत्र है जो इनपुट प्राप्त करता है, निर्देशों के अनुसार डेटा को प्रोसेस करता है और आउटपुट प्रदान करता है।

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🔹 Basic Components of Computer System (मूल घटक)

Component	Description (English)	विवरण (Hindi)
Input Unit	Takes input from user (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner)	उपयोगकर्ता से डेटा लेता है
Processing Unit (CPU)	Performs calculations & processing	गणनाएँ और प्रोसेसिंग करता है
Memory Unit	Stores data temporarily/permanently	डेटा को अस्थायी या स्थायी रूप से संग्रहीत करता है
Output Unit	Displays result (Monitor, Printer, Speaker)	परिणाम दिखाता है
Storage Devices	Hard Disk, SSD, Pen Drive, CD, etc.	डेटा को लंबे समय तक सुरक्षित रखता है

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🔹 Functional Units

1. Input → Process → Output

2. Storage (intermediate/long-term)

3. Control Unit (CU) – directs all operations

4. Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) – performs calculations

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🔹 Types of Computers

• Analog Computer: Measures physical quantities (temperature, pressure)

• Digital Computer: Uses binary digits (0 & 1) – all modern computers

• Hybrid Computer: Combination of both analog and digital

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🔹 Generations of Computers

Generation	Technology Used	Example
1st (1940–56)	Vacuum Tubes	ENIAC, UNIVAC
2nd (1956–63)	Transistors	IBM 1401
3rd (1964–71)	ICs (Integrated Circuits)	IBM 360
4th (1971–Present)	Microprocessors	Personal Computers
5th (Present & Future)	AI, Quantum, Robotics	AI Systems, Neural Networks

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🔹 Binary Number System (Important for ICT section)

• Binary digits: 0, 1

• 1 Byte = 8 bits

• Common conversions:

  • 1 KB = 1024 Bytes

  • 1 MB = 1024 KB

  • 1 GB = 1024 MB

  • 1 TB = 1024 GB

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📝 Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Q1. (KVS 2018)
Which of the following is known as the brain of the computer?
A) Memory
B) CPU
C) Input Unit
D) Output Unit
✅ Answer: B) CPU
Explanation: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) performs all arithmetic and logical operations and controls the overall working of the computer.

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Q2. (NVS 2019)
Which of the following is not an input device?
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Printer
D) Scanner
✅ Answer: C) Printer
Explanation: A printer is an output device; it produces hard copies of processed data. The keyboard, mouse, and scanner are input devices.

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Q3. (EMRS Mock 2023)
Which unit controls the operation of all parts of the computer but does not carry out actual data processing?
✅ Answer: Control Unit (CU)
Explanation: The Control Unit manages and coordinates all computer components but does not perform data calculations itself.

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Q4.
Which of the following stores data permanently?
A) RAM
B) ROM
C) Cache
D) Register
✅ Answer: B) ROM
Explanation: Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory that stores data permanently, even when the power is off.

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Q5. (KVS 2020)
Which part of the computer performs arithmetic and logical operations?
A) Control Unit
B) Arithmetic Logic Unit
C) Memory Unit
D) Input Unit
✅ Answer: B) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Explanation: The ALU performs mathematical and logical operations such as addition, subtraction, AND, OR, etc.

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Q6. (NVS 2022)
Which type of memory is volatile?
A) RAM
B) ROM
C) Hard Disk
D) Pen Drive
✅ Answer: A) RAM
Explanation: Random Access Memory (RAM) loses all stored data when the power is turned off.

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Q7. (EMRS Practice)
Which component connects all parts of the computer system?
A) Bus
B) Motherboard
C) Port
D) Cable
✅ Answer: B) Motherboard
Explanation: The motherboard houses the CPU, memory, and other essential components, allowing them to communicate via buses.

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Q8. (KVS 2017)
Which of the following is not a component of the CPU?
A) ALU
B) CU
C) MU
D) VDU
✅ Answer: D) VDU
Explanation: VDU (Visual Display Unit) is an output device, not part of the CPU.

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Q9. (NVS 2018)
What does BIOS stand for?
A) Basic Integrated Operating System
B) Basic Input Output System
C) Binary Input Output System
D) Basic Internal Operating Setup
✅ Answer: B) Basic Input Output System
Explanation: BIOS helps initialize hardware during the booting process before the OS loads.

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Q10. (EMRS Mock)
Which of the following is an example of system software?
A) MS Word
B) Linux
C) Photoshop
D) Tally
✅ Answer: B) Linux
Explanation: Linux is an Operating System, which is system software that manages hardware and software resources.

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🔹 Quick Revision Notes

• CPU = CU + ALU + Registers

• RAM = Temporary Memory (Volatile)

• ROM = Permanent Memory (Non-volatile)

• Primary memory = RAM + ROM

• Secondary memory = Hard Disk, CD, Pendrive

• Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, MIC

• Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker