CPCT Tutorial

SHELL is an interface between the user and an operating system. When the user logs in, Linux OS starts a shell for user then shell communicates with the kernel and interprets user commands.  Kernel controls all essential computer operations, and provides the restriction to hardware access, coordinates all executing utilities, and manages Resources between process. Using kernel only user can access utilities provided by operating system.  Types of Shell:- 1.) The Bourne Shell ( sh ) - It was written by Steve Bourne at AT&T Bell Labs. It is the original UNIX shell. It is faster and more preferred by the Unix/Linux users.It is default shell for Solaris OS. It doesn't support advanced features like aliases, command history and built-in arithmetic expressions.  In Bourne shell, Command full-path name is /bin/sh and /sbin/sh, Non-root user default prompt is $, Root user default prompt is #.  2.) The C Shell (csh) was created by Bill Joy at the University of Califo...

A shell is basically an interface present between the kernel and the user. A kernel is the very core of a typical OS. शेल मूल रूप से कर्नेल और उपयोगकर्ता के बीच मौजूद एक इंटरफ़ेस है। कर्नेल एक विशिष्ट OS का मूल है।  Meaning:- A shell is a CLI (command-line interpreter). A kernel is a type of low-level program that has its interfacing with the hardware on top of which all the applications run (disks, RAM, CPU, etc.). अर्थ:- शेल एक सीएलआई (कमांड-लाइन दुभाषिया) है। कर्नेल एक प्रकार का निम्न-स्तरीय प्रोग्राम है जिसका इंटरफ़ेस हार्डवेयर के साथ होता है जिसके शीर्ष पर सभी एप्लिकेशन चलते हैं (डिस्क, रैम, सीपीयू, आदि)।  Uses and Purpose:- A shell allows all of its users to establish communication with the kernel. A kernel functions to control all the tasks that come with a system. उपयोग और उद्देश्य:- एक शेल अपने सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं को कर्नेल के साथ संचार स्थापित करने की अनुमति देता है। एक कर्नेल सिस्टम के साथ आने वाले सभी कार्यों को नियंत्रित करने का कार्य करता है।  Types:-  Kor...